越南

When asked to provide more context about who was particularly unlikely to enjoy their right to education in 2023, our respondents mentioned all of the following:

• Montagnard people, especially Christians
• Hmong Protestants
• People with low social or economic status, particularly those not affiliated with the communist party
• Dissidents and activists, and their relatives
• People in the Central and Northwest Highlands
• Children, particularly from ethnic minorities or rural areas

When asked to provide more context about who was particularly unlikely to enjoy their right to food in 2023, our respondents mentioned all of the following:

• Detainees or those accused of crimes, including human rights advocates
• Dissidents and activists, and their relatives
• Children, particularly from ethnic minorities or rural areas
• Hmong Protestants and Montagnard people
• People with disabilities, particularly veterans of the Vietnam War from the South Vietnam Army
• Worker’s rights advocates, particularly those trying to form independent unions

When asked to provide more context about who was particularly unlikely to enjoy their right to health in 2023, our respondents mentioned all of the following:

• Montagnard people, especially Christians
• Hmong Protestants
• Detainees or those accused of crimes, including human rights advocates
• People with low social or economic status, particularly those not affiliated with the communist party
• Dissidents and activists, and their relatives
• People in the Central and Northwest Highlands
• Children, particularly from ethnic minorities or rural areas
• People with disabilities, particularly veterans of the Vietnam War from the South Vietnam Army
• Worker’s rights advocates, particularly those trying to form independent unions

When asked to provide more context about who was particularly unlikely to enjoy their right to housing in 2023, our respondents mentioned all of the following:

• People with low social or economic status, particularly those not affiliated with the communist party
• Montagnard people, especially Christians
• Hmong Protestants
• People in the Central and Northwest Highlands
• Dissidents and activists, and their relatives
• Worker’s rights advocates, particularly those trying to form independent unions
• People affected by climate change, particular farmers in the Mekong Delta
• Children, particularly from ethnic minorities or rural areas
• People with disabilities, particularly veterans of the Vietnam War from the South Vietnam Army

When asked to provide more context about who was especially vulnerable to arbitrary or political arrest and detention by government agents in 2023, our respondents mentioned all of the following:

• Human rights advocates and practitioners, especially those working with independent organisations, and their families
• People with particular political beliefs, particularly dissidents, activists, Buddhists, and independent sociopolitical organisations
• People who engage in non-violent political activity, especially on social media, particularly dissidents, activists, and people from independent religious groups
• Indigenous people, especially Hmong and Montagnards, are targeted for arrest, lack legal representation, and are subject to severe sentencing
• People of particular ethnicities, including Indigenous groups such as Ede and Hmong, and religious leaders
• Independent religious groups who are not under state supervision, such as Buddhists, Protestants, and Indigenous religions
• Journalist and bloggers, particularly those who carry out independent and investigative work
• People suspected of political violence, especially dissidents, Indigenous people, and ethnic minorities
• Indigenous people living in the Northern or Southern Provinces and the Central Highlands
• People without a legal identity, especially the Hmong people
• Members of independent labour unions, due to the government only allowing state sanctioned labour unions
• People suspected of terrorism, especially dissidents, activists, and Indigenous Montagnard people
• Everyone is at risk, due to the ruling party having control of the judicial system and the ambiguous wording of Sections 117 and 331 of the penal code
• Human rights lawyers

When asked to provide more context about who was especially vulnerable to disappearance by government agents in 2023, our respondents mentioned all of the following:

• Journalists, particularly those who carry out independent and investigative work
• People suspected of political violence, especially dissidents, Indigenous people and ethnic minorities

When asked to provide more context about who was especially vulnerable to death penalty executions by government agents in 2023, our respondents mentioned all of the following:

• Journalists, particularly those who carry out independent and investigative work

When asked to provide more context about who was especially vulnerable to extrajudicial killing by government agents in 2023, our respondents mentioned all of the following:

• Journalists and bloggers, particularly those who carry out independent and investigative work

When asked to provide more context about who was especially vulnerable to restrictions on their rights to assembly and association by the government or its agents in 2023, our respondents mentioned all of the following:

• People with particular religious beliefs, especially Buddhists, Christians, and Catholics
• People who engage in non-violent political activity, particularly dissidents and activists
• People of particular ethnicities, especially people of the Central and Northwest Highlands, including the Ede
• People with particular political affiliations or beliefs, and their relatives
• Human rights advocates, especially those defending women’s rights and environmental rights
• Independent journalists
• Members of independent labour unions, due to the government only allowing state sanctioned labour unions
• Indigenous people, especially the Hmong
• People suspected of political violence, particularly advocates and members of civil society organisations

When asked to provide more context about who was especially vulnerable to restrictions on their rights to opinion and expression by government agents in 2023, our respondents mentioned all of the following:

• People who engage in non-violent political activity, particularly dissidents and activists
• Human rights advocates, especially those defending women’s rights and environmental rights
• People with particular religious beliefs, especially Buddhists, Christians, and Catholics
• Members of independent labour unions, due to the government only allowing state sanctioned labour unions
• People of particular ethnicities, especially people of the Central and Northwest Highlands, including the Ede
• Independent journalists
• People with particular political affiliations or beliefs, and their relatives
• Hmong people
• People accused of political violence, particularly advocates and members of civil society organisations

When asked to provide more context about who was especially vulnerable to restrictions on their political participation by the government or its agents in 2023, our respondents mentioned all of the following:

• People who engage in non-violent political activity, particularly dissidents and activists
• People with particular religious beliefs, especially Buddhists, Christians, and Catholics
• Hmong people
• People of particular ethnicities, especially people of the Central and Northwest Highlands, including the Ede
• People with particular political affiliations or beliefs, and their relatives
• Human rights advocates, especially those defending women’s rights and environmental rights
• Members of independent labour unions, due to the government only allowing state sanctioned labour unions
• Independent journalists
• People suspected or accused of political violence, particularly advocates and members of civil society organisations