巴西

When asked to provide more context about who was particularly unlikely to enjoy their right to education in 2022, our respondents mentioned all of the following:

• Children due to the lack of policies to encourage students to return to schools during and after the pandemic closures
• Students, particularly children and teenagers, due to a budget freeze related to the funding of school meals
• Students, particularly children and teenagers, due to the recent reform of the high school curriculum not prioritising access to education or the reduction of dropout rates

When asked to provide more context about who was particularly unlikely to enjoy their right to food in 2022, our respondents mentioned all of the following:

• People with low social or economic status, due to the lack or ending of programmes dedicated to income distribution and food security
• People in remote regions, rural areas, and poor neighbourhoods in large urban centres (‘periferias’)

When asked to provide more context about who was particularly unlikely to enjoy their right to health in 2022, our respondents mentioned all of the following:

• All people, due to the lack of funding to the public national health system
• Indigenous people, due to the underfunding or termination of policies that support healthcare for Indigenous people
• All people, as there was a decrease in vaccination coverage, due to the lack of government campaigns to encourage people to get vaccinated
• People living in remote regions, due to the lack of incentives for doctors to work in these areas, creating disparities in access to healthcare

When asked to provide more context about who was particularly unlikely to enjoy their right to housing in 2022, our respondents mentioned all of the following:

• People with low social or economic status, due to the scaling back of housing policies for low income households

When asked to provide more context about who was especially vulnerable to arbitrary or political arrest and detention by government agents in 2022, our respondents mentioned all of the following:

• People of particular races, particularly Black people, especially if they live in poor neighbourhoods in large urban centres (‘periferias’)
• People with left wing political opinions

When asked to provide more context about who was especially vulnerable to disappearance by government agents in 2022, our respondents mentioned all of the following:

• People of particular races, particularly Black people, especially if they live in poor neighbourhoods in large urban centres (‘periferias’)
• People with low social or economic status, particularly due to the activity of police and drug cartels
• People with low social or economic status, especially if they live in poor neighbourhoods in large urban centres (‘periferias’) due to the presence of paramilitary groups (‘milícias’) in these areas

Expert respondents did not provide any specific information about who is especially vulnerable to violations of this right.

When asked to provide more context about who was especially vulnerable to extrajudicial killing by government agents in 2022, our respondents mentioned all of the following:

• People of particular races, particularly Black people, especially the youth living in poor neighbourhoods in large urban centres (‘periferias’)
• Indigenous people, who are often targeted by armed groups hired by rural farmers in the context of land conflicts
• People who are homeless, particularly Black people
• People from the north and northeastern regions, due to land conflicts
• People living in real estate speculation zones
• People living in rural settlements in occupied unproductive large states (‘latifundios’)
• People with low social or economic status, particularly Black people, are often victims during police actions in the war on drugs

When asked to provide more context about who was especially vulnerable to restrictions on their rights to assembly and association by the government or its agents in 2022, our respondents mentioned all of the following:

• People living on extractive reserves were unable to hold administrative meetings because of Covid-19 restrictions

When asked to provide more context about who was especially vulnerable to restrictions on their rights to opinion and expression by government agents in 2022, our respondents mentioned all of the following:

• Journalists, particularly those named and criticised by extreme right wing politicians and the government
• Indigenous people and people with left wing political opinions, especially in social media when targeted by extreme right wing politicians
• All people, particularly when the government spread fake news and used public funds to fund extreme right wing groups and influencers on social media