Papua-Nova Guiné
Até que ponto a Papua-Nova Guiné respeita os direitos humanos dos indivíduos?
Utilizar os separadores seguintes para explorar as pontuações.
Papua-Nova Guiné em resumo
Qualidade de Vida
Direitos Económicos e Sociais
(2020)
Resumo da pontuação
N/A
Como se compara o que a Papua-Nova Guiné está a fazer em relação ao que é possível em seu nível de renda?
Direito à
0
% utilizando os rendimentos ajustados alcançados como referência
Pontuação da HRMI
100%
Muito mau
Mau
Razoável
Bom
Integridade Física
Direitos Civis e Políticos
(2022)
Resumo da pontuação
5,9
Em que medida está o governo da Papua-Nova Guiné a respeitar cada direito?
Direito à liberdade de
0
Pontuação
10
Muito mau
Mau
Razoável
Bom
Empoderamento
Direitos Civis e Políticos
(2022)
Resumo da pontuação
5,9
Em que medida está o governo da Papua-Nova Guiné a respeitar cada direito?
Direito à
0
Pontuação
10
Muito mau
Mau
Razoável
Bom
Fonte: HRMI 2023 rightstracker.org/pt
Qualidade de Vida
Em comparação com os outros países da Pacífico, a Papua-Nova Guiné está abaixo da média quando nos deparamos com os direitos sobre os quais temos dados (esta comparação é calculada com o uso da referência "Rendimentos ajustados").
Para alterar a referência de desempenho ou o padrão de avaliação, clique em 'Alterar visualização' acima
Integridade Física
A pontuação de 5,9 em 10 da Papua-Nova Guiné em Integridade Física sugere que muitas pessoas não estão livres de um ou mais dos seguintes: prisão arbitrária, tortura e maus-tratos, desaparecimento forçado, execução sumária ou extrajudicial.
Em comparação com os outros países da Pacífico, a Papua-Nova Guiné está abaixo da média quanto ao direito de integridade física.
Empoderamento
A pontuação de 5,9 em 10 da Papua-Nova Guiné em Empoderamento sugere que muitas pessoas não usufruem das suas liberdades civis e políticas (liberdade de expressão, reunião e associação e direitos democráticos).
Em comparação com os outros países da Pacífico, a Papua-Nova Guiné está abaixo da média quanto aos direitos de empoderamento
Resumo - Qualidade de Vida
(2020)
Como se compara o que a Papua-Nova Guiné está a fazer em relação ao que é possível em seu nível de renda?
Resumo da pontuação
0
% utilizando os rendimentos ajustados alcançados como referência
Pontuação da HRMI
100%
Direito à
Muito mau
Mau
Razoável
Bom
Fonte: HRMI 2023 rightstracker.org/pt
Em comparação com os outros países da Pacífico, a Papua-Nova Guiné está abaixo da média quando nos deparamos com os direitos sobre os quais temos dados (esta comparação é calculada com o uso da referência "Rendimentos ajustados").
Para alterar a referência de desempenho ou o padrão de avaliação, clique em 'Alterar visualização' acima
Qualidade de vida - detalhes completos
Qual o desempenho da Papua-Nova Guiné para o indicador que usamos para
?Direito à
0
% utilizando os rendimentos ajustados alcançados como referência
Pontuação da HRMI
100%
Direito à
Muito mau
Mau
Razoável
Bom
Fonte: HRMI 2023 rightstracker.org/pt
Por sexo
Qual o desempenho da Papua-Nova Guiné por sexo para
?Por sexo
0
% utilizando os rendimentos ajustados alcançados como referência
Pontuação da HRMI
100%
Muito mau
Mau
Razoável
Bom
Fonte: HRMI 2023 rightstracker.org/pt
Ao longo do tempo
Qual o desempenho da Papua-Nova Guiné ao longo do tempo para
?Fonte: HRMI 2023 rightstracker.org/pt
Pessoas em risco
(2022)
Que pessoas em a Papua-Nova Guiné foram identificadas por especialistas em direitos humanos como estando em particular risco de verem o seu
violado?Interpretação: Texto maior = mais especialistas em direitos humanos identificaram este grupo como estando em risco.
Fonte: HRMI 2023 rightstracker.org/pt
Pedimos desculpa. Esta informação não está disponível no seu idioma
When asked to provide more context about who was particularly unlikely to enjoy their right to education in 2022, our respondents mentioned all of the following:
- Girls often do not complete school due to sexual coercion from teachers
- People with disabilities often do not complete school due to bullying
- Transgender people often do not complete school due to bullying
- Many people are unable to access educational services due to poverty and high costs of education
- High levels of corruption disrupt the quality of educational services
- LGBTQIA+ people and people employed in sex work do not have equal access to education
- Tribal violence disrupts education services
- People living in the Porgera District gold mine community do not have access to good quality education
- Schools are burnt down in connection to tribal violence. At the command of the head of state, the Papua New Guinea Defence Force did not prevent nor intervene in the violence
Resumo - Integridade Física
(2022)
Em que medida está o governo da Papua-Nova Guiné a respeitar cada direito?
Resumo da pontuação
0
Pontuação
10
Direito à liberdade de
Muito mau
Mau
Razoável
Bom
Fonte: HRMI 2023 rightstracker.org/pt
A pontuação de 5,9 em 10 da Papua-Nova Guiné em Integridade Física sugere que muitas pessoas não estão livres de um ou mais dos seguintes: prisão arbitrária, tortura e maus-tratos, desaparecimento forçado, execução sumária ou extrajudicial.
Em comparação com os outros países da Pacífico, a Papua-Nova Guiné está abaixo da média quanto ao direito de integridade física.
Ao longo do tempo
Fonte: HRMI 2023 rightstracker.org/pt
Pessoas em risco
(2022)
Que pessoas em a Papua-Nova Guiné foram identificadas por especialistas em direitos humanos como estando em particular risco de verem o seu
violado?Interpretação: Texto maior = mais especialistas em direitos humanos identificaram este grupo como estando em risco.
Fonte: HRMI 2023 rightstracker.org/pt
Pedimos desculpa. Esta informação não está disponível no seu idioma
When asked to provide more context about who was especially vulnerable to arbitrary or political arrest and detention by government agents in 2022, our respondents mentioned all of the following:
- Protesters, particularly those in Porgera District, demonstrating for their right to vote
- Political leaders and supporters
- Activists are arrested for alleged cyberbullying when expressing their political opinions on social media
Resumo - Empoderamento
(2022)
Em que medida está o governo da Papua-Nova Guiné a respeitar cada direito?
Resumo da pontuação
0
Pontuação
10
Direito à
Muito mau
Mau
Razoável
Bom
Fonte: HRMI 2023 rightstracker.org/pt
A pontuação de 5,9 em 10 da Papua-Nova Guiné em Empoderamento sugere que muitas pessoas não usufruem das suas liberdades civis e políticas (liberdade de expressão, reunião e associação e direitos democráticos).
Em comparação com os outros países da Pacífico, a Papua-Nova Guiné está abaixo da média quanto aos direitos de empoderamento
Ao longo do tempo
Fonte: HRMI 2023 rightstracker.org/pt
Pessoas em risco
(2022)
Que pessoas em a Papua-Nova Guiné foram identificadas por especialistas em direitos humanos como estando em particular risco de verem o seu
violado?Interpretação: Texto maior = mais especialistas em direitos humanos identificaram este grupo como estando em risco.
Fonte: HRMI 2023 rightstracker.org/pt
Pedimos desculpa. Esta informação não está disponível no seu idioma
When asked to provide more context about who was especially vulnerable to restrictions on their rights to assembly and association by the government or its agents in 2022, our respondents mentioned all of the following:
- LGBTQIA+ people, especially transgender people, are limited from protesting and joining political groups due to the threat of violence. The police do not assure the safety of LGBTQIA+ protesters
- Electoral candidates’ vehicles are stoned during roadblocks
- Protesters expressing their right to vote are arrested in Porgera District and Maip District
Quais são as pessoas que estão mais em risco?
Pedimos aos especialistas em direitos humanos que nos dissessem quais as pessoas com maior risco de terem este direito violado. As imagems abaixo mostram suas respostas.
Destacar
nas nuvens de palavras abaixo.Qualidade de Vida
Pessoas em risco
Direito à educação
(2022)
Interpretação: Texto maior = mais especialistas em direitos humanos identificaram este grupo como estando em risco.
Fonte: HRMI 2023 rightstracker.org/pt
Pessoas em risco
Direito à alimentação
(2022)
Interpretação: Texto maior = mais especialistas em direitos humanos identificaram este grupo como estando em risco.
Fonte: HRMI 2023 rightstracker.org/pt
Pessoas em risco
Direito à saúde
(2022)
Interpretação: Texto maior = mais especialistas em direitos humanos identificaram este grupo como estando em risco.
Fonte: HRMI 2023 rightstracker.org/pt
Pessoas em risco
Direito à moradia
(2022)
Interpretação: Texto maior = mais especialistas em direitos humanos identificaram este grupo como estando em risco.
Fonte: HRMI 2023 rightstracker.org/pt
Pessoas em risco
Direito ào trabalho
(2022)
Interpretação: Texto maior = mais especialistas em direitos humanos identificaram este grupo como estando em risco.
Fonte: HRMI 2023 rightstracker.org/pt
Integridade Física
Pessoas em risco
Direito à ser livre de prisão arbitrária
(2022)
Interpretação: Texto maior = mais especialistas em direitos humanos identificaram este grupo como estando em risco.
Fonte: HRMI 2023 rightstracker.org/pt
Pessoas em risco
Direito à não ser submetido ao desaparecimento forçado
(2022)
Interpretação: Texto maior = mais especialistas em direitos humanos identificaram este grupo como estando em risco.
Fonte: HRMI 2023 rightstracker.org/pt
Pessoas em risco
Direito à não ser condenado a pena de morte
Os peritos inquiridos não selecionaram nenhum grupo de pessoas para este direito.
Pessoas em risco
Direito à não ser submetido a execução extrajudicial
(2022)
Interpretação: Texto maior = mais especialistas em direitos humanos identificaram este grupo como estando em risco.
Fonte: HRMI 2023 rightstracker.org/pt
Pessoas em risco
Direito à não ser ser submetido a tortura ou maus-tratos
(2022)
Interpretação: Texto maior = mais especialistas em direitos humanos identificaram este grupo como estando em risco.
Fonte: HRMI 2023 rightstracker.org/pt
Empoderamento
Pessoas em risco
Direito de reunião e associação
(2022)
Interpretação: Texto maior = mais especialistas em direitos humanos identificaram este grupo como estando em risco.
Fonte: HRMI 2023 rightstracker.org/pt
Pessoas em risco
Direito à liberdade de opinião e expressão
(2022)
Interpretação: Texto maior = mais especialistas em direitos humanos identificaram este grupo como estando em risco.
Fonte: HRMI 2023 rightstracker.org/pt
Pessoas em risco
Direito à participar do governo
(2022)
Interpretação: Texto maior = mais especialistas em direitos humanos identificaram este grupo como estando em risco.
Fonte: HRMI 2023 rightstracker.org/pt
Pedimos desculpa. Esta informação não está disponível no seu idioma
Neste separador, poderá encontrar dados sobre cinco temas, recolhidos apenas nos países do Pacífico.
Ir para:
Crise climática
(2022)
A que nível é que a crise climática piorou as condições dos direitos humanos a Papua-Nova Guiné?
4,8
De modo algum (1)
Ligeiramente (2)
Pouco (3)
Moderadamente (4)
Muito (5)
Extremamente (6)
When asked to provide more context about how the climate crisis has worsened rights conditions in 2022, respondents mentioned the following:
- Climate change is a cross-cutting issue affecting most, if not all, sectors in the development of the people of Papua New Guinea
- Climate migration is having a significant effect. When islands or villages become uninhabitable, families and communities must move due to submerged islands or consistent natural disasters. Moving means conflict and a blending or distortion of local cultures.
- Many people are already seriously affected and yet they are neglected and overlooked
- Coastal regions are the most affected by rising sea levels, causing salination of drinking water wells, and erosion of coastline impacting human settlements
- Climate change is damaging available farming land, leading to food insecurity, nutritional deficits, and related health problems
- Changes in the weather patterns affect subsistence farming (planting, harvesting, fishing, hunting), and general livelihoods of people closer to the sea and towards the higher altitudes
- Internal migration is causing crowding and increases in crime; the freedom of movement of individual persons, especially women, young girls, and children is being threatened by thieves and drug addicts who are likely to cause physical and sexual assaults
- Climate change and high sea level disasters caused flooding in the Gulf Province
Soberania indígena
(2022)
Até que ponto é que as comunidades Indígenas e/ou nativas a Papua-Nova Guiné são capazes de exercer autodeterminação?
3,8
De modo algum (1)
Ligeiramente (2)
Pouco (3)
Moderadamente (4)
Grandemente (5)
Completamente (6)
When asked to provide more context about Indigenous self-determination in 2022, respondents mentioned the following:
- Money has become the main source of bargaining power for goods and services instead of Indigenous knowledge
- Traditional governing systems from the past have helped solve many climate change related problems
- Western influences are strong
- Traditional methods work for many rural communities
- Indigenous communities have always been self-sufficient, but political leaders encourage modern consumption of goods including food items and cash handouts, especially during elections, leading to increasing levels of dependence on the government
- A decentralised governance system needs to be established from the bottom up
Terras indígenas
(2022)
Até que ponto é que as comunidades Indígenas e/ou nativas a Papua-Nova Guiné possuem e desfrutam das suas terras tradicionais?
3,6
De modo algum (1)
Ligeiramente (2)
Pouco (3)
Moderadamente (4)
Grandemente (5)
Completamente (6)
When asked to provide more context about Indigenous land rights in 2022, respondents mentioned the following:
- The vast majority of land in Papua New Guinea is still owned by native customary landowners, but the government makes many decisions about land
- Women are marginalised in Papua New Guinea and are not allowed to speak of rights to own land
- Violence against women who claim rights to land ownership is common
- Women find it challenging or impossible to receive shares and inherit any benefits or earn land royalties because land is traditionally owned by men
- Women are not allowed to participate in land ownership discussions or be part of any decision-making
- Lands are registered by customary obligations or family heads
- It is hard for MVPFAFF+ / LGBTQIA+ people or women to build on customary land
Direitos culturais
(2022)
Até que ponto é que as pessoas a Papua-Nova Guiné desfrutam dos seus direitos culturais?
3,6
De modo algum (1)
Ligeiramente (2)
Pouco (3)
Moderadamente (4)
Grandemente (5)
Completamente (6)
When asked to provide more context about the extent to which communities can practise their cultural rights in 2022, respondents mentioned the following:
- The diverse cultures in Papua New Guinea are unique to each region; cross-cultural sharing is increasing with modern technology and the cash economy
- Some aspects of culture, such as artifacts, songs, and traditional designs, are increasingly being exploited by foreigners for profit gain
- Cases have been reported of people accusing village herbal doctors of witchcraft and are torturing them to death
- Money and western ideals have influenced the youth and some elders who are Indigenous knowledge protectors
- A lot of traditional knowledge and languages are not documented and are slowly dying out
- There is a belief that cultural rights are taken away by multinational companies and political leaders
- The government of the day does not do anything about making sure Indigenous languages and traditions are preserved, however, some work is being done by mission organisations like Summer Institute of Linguistics
- Papua New Guinea society is built on strong cultural values and beliefs; however, these cultures are not present in schools or media
Violência
(2022)
Até que ponto as pessoas em a Papua-Nova Guiné se encontram livres de violência na comunidade?
Violência contra
0
Pontuação
10
Menos seguro
Mais seguro
Violência contra crianças
When asked to provide more context about violence against children in 2022, respondents mentioned the following:
- A lot of children are exposed to violence daily
- Polygamy sometimes leads to neglect of women and girls
- Many children suffer from trauma and from abusive parents
- Many guardians consider that physical violence against children in their care is appropriate
- Physical discipline in the home can result in broken arms, black eyes, and bruising
- Data is not easily accessible to know the extent of violence against children, but given existing prejudices and customary practices, violation of their rights is widespread
- Government authorities are not serious in curbing violence against children; Australian AID and United Nations programmes have helped in ensuring laws exist to protect children, but there is still a lack of effective implementation
Violência contra pessoas com deficiência
When asked to provide more context about violence against people with disabilities in 2022, respondents mentioned the following:
- People with disabilities face violence because they cannot fight back when they are being violated
- Women with disabilities face more violence as a result of frustrated family members, partners and community members
- People with disabilities are often neglected
- Data is lacking
- Many people with disabilities are exposed to violence daily
Violência contra MVPFAFF+/LGBTQIA+
When asked to provide more context about violence against MVPFAFF+ and LGBTQIA+ people in 2022, respondents mentioned the following:
- Isolated areas in the highlands of Papua New Guinea are unaware of same-sex relationships and have very little understanding and tolerance for these relationships
- There are reports of repeated incidents of violence towards sex workers by stoning
- MVPFAFF+ / LGBTQIA+ people face a lot of violence in their daily lives because of their appearance and sexual identity; some disguise themselves due to family backgrounds, cultures and traditions
- People often experience being kicked out of their homes, tortured or killed
- A lot of people say that Papua New Guinea is a Christian country and as a result, use it to force their beliefs onto other people
- MVPFAFF+ and LGBTQIA+ communities in Papua New Guinea are at risk and have often been subjected to violence
- Data is not easily accessible to know the level of violence against this population, but given existing prejudices and discrimination, violation of their rights is widespread
Violência contra mulheres e meninas
When asked to provide more context about violence against women in 2022, respondents mentioned the following:
- Women and girls are seen as second-class in Papua New Guinea society
- Physical assaults and deprivation of rights as women has long been the norm
- Some parts of the country experience more violence against women than other parts; the highlands area has increasing numbers of violence against women and girls compared to the coastal areas
- Even though more awareness is being raised, abuse of women and girls is still common
- There have been many protests against the government to effectively enforce the laws that protect vulnerable minority groups, but very little change; most of the change that is happening is coming because of aid funding from the United Nations and donor countries
- Women avoid reporting violence, crime or any abuse experiences to the police, because they fear the perpetrators and their relatives who continue to threaten and assault them when or if they return home
- There is a perception that women who experience violence will not succeed in official complaints or court cases
- Women can be tortured and killed if they are found to be having affairs with other men
- Given the pandemic and a decline in the economy, many young women and women, in general, have experienced violence from their partners, petty thieves, and even law enforcement officers
Behind the numbers
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Quality of Life
China is performing better than average in economic and social rights compared with other East Asian countries, according to our income-adjusted benchmark, though it still has significant challenges. We produce scores for China for the rights to food, health, housing and work.
Under the International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights, which China has signed, all countries agree to devote their maximum available resources to making things progressively better for their people in these areas.
HRMI has calculated what China could be achieving at its current level of income. The scores are given as a percentage of that realistic potential achievement.
China’s best scores are for the right to health, where it is achieving 98.4% of what we calculate should be possible, and for the right to food (96.4%). For these rights, China is doing nearly as well as it possibly could, given its level of income. It could still afford to make some gains now, but then would need to increase its income to make further improvements.
Right to quality education in East and Southeast Asia
Pontuação
0
% utilizando os rendimentos ajustados alcançados como referência
Pontuação da HRMI
100%
Of the four quality of life rights we measure, China needs to improve the most in the right to housing, where it is currently achieving only 87.2% of what we calculate should be possible at its level of income.
We further break the right to housing down into scores for the right to sanitation and the right to water.
With a GDP per capita of US$10,144 we calculate that China has the resources to ensure all of its people have running water and toilets in their homes. The good news is that China’s scores have been steadily improving since 2007, when the nation scored 74.5%.
However, China’s right to sanitation score of 83.9% shows that many people are missing out, even though China could afford to do better. If China efficiently used its available resources, it could achieve a score of 100%, which would mean that over 129 million additional Chinese would gain access to basic sanitation in their homes.
If China improved its performance for the right to water from 90.6% to 100%, over 106 million more people would have water on their premises.
When it comes to the right to food, if China lifted its score to 100%, over 2.5 million more children under five years old would have enough nutritious food to grow well – that would mean all children in China under five would have enough nutritious food to grow well. This is an achievable goal.
With a current score of 96.4%, China has improved only a little in respecting people’s right to food over the last 11 years.
On the right to work, China’s score has climbed up to 93.7% in 2019 from 62.2% in 2007, meaning many fewer people have been living in poverty over the last decade. Still, the latest score means 76 million Chinese are unnecessarily living in absolute poverty (living on less that $3.65 per day, measured in 2017 PPP$), and the government is only doing a ‘fair’ job at ensuring people have subsistence income.
China comes in second in the world in ensuring people’s right to health is fulfilled, with a score of 98.4%, when using the low and middle income assessment standard (when using the high income standard, China still comes in third in the world). For countries doing this well with their current level of income, an increase of income will be necessary to make significant further improvements. This is the right where China is most constrained by resources – for all of the other rights we measure, China should already be able to do nearly as well as any country in the world, at its current level of income.
People at risk
While China has room for improvement in all the rights we measure, a further consideration is inequity. There are several groups of people who our experts identified as being at higher risk of missing out. These include:
-
People with lower social or economic status
-
People from ethnic minorities, including Tibetans, Uyghurs, Mongolians, and Kazakhs
-
Human rights advocates, protestors, and anyone who criticises the government
-
People living in rural areas, particularly older people, and women
-
Disabled people
-
Detainees
-
People from religious minorities, particularly those practising Falun Gong, Christianity, or Islam
-
Internally displaced people
See the people at risk tab on the Rights Tracker for the full lists. The data also show a strong connection between political activity, especially criticism of the government, and lack of enjoyment of economic and social rights.
Room for improvement
All our Quality of Life scores show that China could make significant improvements to its people’s lives, even without more resources.
If China were using its resources more efficiently to ensure its people’s wellbeing, it could achieve 100% for all the rights we measure. Yet, while its best score is close to that mark—98.4% on the right to health — its worst score — 87.2% on the right to housing — is far from that level.
If China better upheld its rights obligations, and achieved a full 100% score on all the rights we measure, we would see millions more Chinese people living lives of dignity, even without income growth. For example, if China reached 100% we would see the following number of extra people benefitting:
-
If China were to operate at its full potential given its current resources, we would expect an additional 2.5 million children under five to grow well and not be stunted.
-
If China were operating at best practice, each year we would expect an extra 56,900 newborn babies to survive until their fifth birthday.
-
If China were reaching its full potential, given its income constraints, an extra 343,300 15-year-olds could eventually reach the age of 60.
-
If China used its resources efficiently, an additional 129 million people could have a toilet at home, and an extra 109 million people could have access to water in their homes.
-
If China were operating at its full potential given its current resources, it could lift 76 million people out of absolute poverty.
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Safety from the State
China scores 2.8 out of 10 for our overall Safety from the State category, telling us that many people are at risk of arbitrary or political arrest or detention, torture and ill-treatment, forced disappearance, execution, or extrajudicial killing. This is one of the lowest scores in our sample of 31 countries.
China’s worst score in this category is 1 out of 10 for freedom from the death penalty, the lowest score among all the countries we measure.
The human rights experts we surveyed said that agents of the state, particularly police, had total impunity to engage in torture of those detained.
Respondents overwhelmingly agreed that human rights advocates, protestors, and people who criticised the government were at particular risk of rights violations, especially arbitrary arrest and detention, forced disappearance, and torture and ill-treatment.
Survey respondents said that information about executions was deliberately obfuscated by the Chinese government, blurring the line between extrajudicial and judicial executions.
People from ethnic minorities were at extra risk of all five Safety from the State rights. Respondents noted that Uyghur people, and other ethnic minorities, were commonly detained incommunicado in concentration camps.
Other vulnerable groups include:
-
People from ethnic minorities, including Tibetans, Uyghurs, Mongolians, and Kazakhs
-
Human rights advocates, protestors, and anyone who criticises the government
-
Detainees and those accused of crimes
-
People from religious minorities, particularly those practising Falun Gong, Christianity, or Islam
-
Internally displaced people
-
People in Tibet, Xinjiang, and Hong Kong
Among other East Asian countries and territories where we measure these rights, China has the lowest scores for all five Safety from the State rights.
Right to Freedom from Arbitrary Arrest and Detention in East Asia
Resumo da pontuação
0
Pontuação
10
Right to Freedom from Forced Disappearance in East Asia
Resumo da pontuação
0
Pontuação
10
Right to Freedom from Death Penalty in East Asia
Resumo da pontuação
0
Pontuação
10
Right to Freedom from Extrajudicial Execution in East Asia
Resumo da pontuação
0
Pontuação
10
Right to Freedom from Torture and Ill-treatment in East Asia
Resumo da pontuação
0
Pontuação
10
Pedimos desculpa. Algumas das informações desta página não estão disponíveis em seu idioma.
Empowerment
The Chinese government limits civil liberties and political freedom, with China scoring a very low 2.1 out of 10 in empowerment rights. This is the lowest score in our sample of 30 countries.
For the rights to assembly and association, opinion and expression, and participation in government, all of China’s scores fall into the ‘very bad’ range. For all three rights, the human rights experts we surveyed agreed overwhelmingly that ‘all people’ were at risk of violations of these rights.
When it comes to the right to assembly and association, China scores 2 out of 10, and human rights experts identified a wide range of people not enjoying their rights, including human rights advocates, protestors, and people criticising or opposing the government, as well as those from ethnic and religious minorities. They also noted that people from religious minorities cannot freely gather, and that even small gatherings in homes have been broken up by authorities.
China’s score for the right to opinion and expression is a very low 2.3 out of 10, with no improvement from 2022. Respondents noted that there are no independent media organisations allowed in China, and that teachers, academics, and journalists cannot speak freely. Expression is also limited online, where content is censored by Chinese regulators.
China also scores in the ‘very bad’ range for the right to participate in government, with a score of 1.9 out of 10. Respondents noted that political participation is controlled and severely limited by the Chinese Communist Party, which selects legislators and other political representatives.
Other vulnerable groups include:
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People from ethnic minorities, including Tibetans, Uyghurs, Mongolians, and Kazakhs
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Human rights advocates, protestors, and anyone who criticises the government
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Detainees and those accused of crimes
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People from religious minorities, particularly those practising Falun Gong, Christianity, or Islam
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Internally displaced people
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People in Tibet and Xinjiang
Right to Assembly and Association in East Asia
Resumo da pontuação
0
Pontuação
10
Right to Opinion and Expression in East Asia
Resumo da pontuação
0
Pontuação
10
Right to Participate in Government in East Asia
Resumo da pontuação
0
Pontuação
10
Direito à liberdade de religião e de crença no Leste Asiático
Resumo da pontuação
0
Pontuação
10
Detalhes do país
População
9,9m (2021)
PIB/capita
$2.673 (2021)
Dólares americanos atuais
$3.677 (2021)
PPC em dólares de 2017